Cream together butter, sugar, sourdough starter.
With the stand mixer on low, cream in one egg yolk at a time until just combined.
In a separate bowl, use an electric mixer or whisk to whip the egg whites until stiff peaks form.
Gently fold in the egg whites.
Incorporate the buttermilk and vanilla.
Using a sifter, sift in the cake flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
Mix until well incorporated and no dry parts remain. There may be a few clumps from the buttermilk, this is fine.
For longer fermentation, cover the bowl with an airtight lid and place in the refrigerator for at least 8 hours or overnight.
When ready to bake, preheat the oven to 350 degrees F.
Generously butter your cake pans.
Cut a parchment paper circle to fit the bottom of the cake pans. Insert the parchment paper before pouring the batter.
Add the cake batter to the pans, distributing evenly between the two round pans.
Place cake pans in preheated oven and bake for 35 to 40 minutes until a toothpick or baking tester comes out clean when inserted into the middle of the cake. The tops will be a golden color.
Once the cake tops are golden and baked through, remove from the oven and place on a wire cooling rack.
Allow to cool on the wire rack until fully cooled before removing from the pans.
Once the cakes are fully cooled, use a butter knife to loosen the cakes from the edges of the cake pans.
Very carefully, use a plate or flat surface to place on top of the cake pan and flip upside down to gently remove the cake from the pans.
Place the cakes in the refrigerator for at least 15 minutes before frosting.
While the cakes are cooling, whip up the mascarpone icing.
Level the tops of the cakes using a cake leveler or serrated knife.
On the bottom cake layer, spread 1/4" thick of icing. Place the second cake on top of this layer.
Frost the cakes as desired.
Store the cake in the refrigerator for 2-3 days on a covered cake plate or airtight container. (if using buttercream frosting, this cake will be fine stored on the counter in an airtight container for 2-3 days)
Enjoy! Happy baking!